In the development of fiber optic transmission technology, dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM Mux) is one of the most recent and important technologies. It can provide potentially unlimited transmission capacity and this is one of its most obvious advantages. There are four important components in a DWDM system, which are optical transmitter/receiver; optical amplifier, DWDM Mux/Demux filter, and optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM). This article will provide you an introduction to these four components.
Optical Transmitter/Receiver
The optical transmitter/receiver is an important part of the DWDM system and is responsible for providing source signals and receiving signals. In a fiber MUX system, multiple optical transmitters are used as the light sources. Pulses of light are created by the lasers on the transmit side. Every light pulse has an exact wavelength which shall be precise and stable.
The optical transceiver, with the evolution of fiber optic transmission technology, has replaced the optical transmitter/receiver gradually. Consisting of both a transmitter and a receiver, the optical transceiver is a device that is combined and shares a single housing or same circuitry. In the DWDM system, there is another device named transponder that is used few times. It has a similar principle to optical transceivers. Both optical transceivers and transponders consist of the function of optical-electrical-optical (O-E-O) conversion. The major difference between them is that there is the serial interface of optical transceivers, while the interface of transponders is parallel.
DWDM Mux/Demux Filters
It is a known fact that multiple wavelengths that are created by multiple transmitters operate on different fibers. The function of an optical filter (multiplexer filter) is to combine these multiple wavelengths onto one fiber. On a fiber multiplexer, the output signal is referred to as a composite signal. Then the function of separating all the individual wavelengths of the composite signal to individual fibers is performed by an optical drop filter (demultiplexer) at the receiving end. In a figure, you will get to know the bidirectional DWDM operation. Light pulses of various wavelengths by a DWDM Mux carried by various fibers are combined.
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